Current neuronavigation systems cannot adapt to changing intraoperative conditions over time. To overcome this limitation,\r\nwe present an experimental end-to-end system capable of updating 3D preoperative images in the presence of brain shift and\r\nsuccessive resections. The heart of our system is a nonrigid registration technique using a biomechanical model, driven by the\r\ndeformations of key surfaces tracked in successive intraoperative images. The biomechanical model is deformed using FEM or\r\nXFEM, depending on the type of deformation under consideration, namely, brain shift or resection. We describe the operation\r\nof our system on two patient cases, each comprising five intraoperative MR images, and we demonstrate that our approach\r\nsignificantly improves the alignment of nonrigidly registered images.
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